A

Abalus, isle, 118, 119
Abashevo culture, 62, 93
Adalbert, Bishop, 25, 26
Adam of Bremen, 25, 168, 183
Adriatic Sea, 118, 119, 121
Aestii, Aisti, Aistians, 21, 22, 25, 119, 144, 185
Agathyrsi, 98, 102
agriculture: Bronze Age, 60; cereals, 40, 104, 115, 116, 166; flax, 117; “Golden Age”, 113; hoes, 59, 60, 64, 114; Kurgan, 40, 49; scythe, 115-6, 166; sickles, 64, 104, 107, 114, 115; slash, and burn, 115, 116; two-field system, 166
Aismares, see Frisches Haff
Aizezari near Sakstagals, cemetery, 160
ale, 25
Algirdas, Lithuanian grand duke, 176, 177, 184
Alka, sacred grove, hills, 84, 193
Alkupė, Alkupis, 196
amber, 55, Bronze Age, 55-9; Chalcolithic, 49; Early Iron Age, 69-74; Gothic times, 144-5; offerings, 52; Roman times, 109, 118-21, 129; sources of, 56, 57; statuette of Assurnasirpal, 65; trade routes, Bronze Age, 58-59; trade routes, Early Iron Age, 71, 72,74
Anatolia, 38, 41, 59
Androphagi (Mordvins), 83, 98, 99, 101, 102
Ansgar, archbishop of the Bremen-Hamburg diocese, 143, 153
Antoniewicz, J., 11, 19, 138
Apulia (Apuolė), 143, 153, 154, 169
Aquileia, 121
Armenian language, 40, 41, 43
Asote, earthwork, 169
Austeravia, 119
Auseklis, Latvian morning star, 199, 202
Aušrinė, Lithuanian morning star, 199, 202
Autrimpas, Prussian god of the sea, 197
Avars, 148
Avestan language, 40, 41, 42
axe: Baltic, Nortycken, 62, 64, 65; battle-, 44, 49, 157, 164; boat-, 49; flanged, 59, 64; in cult, 68, 202; socketed, 115, 157

B

Balanovo, culture, 62, 92, 93
Balt, name, 21
Barta, Barthi, Barti, Prussian tribe and province, 23, 173
Basilia, 118, 119
battle-axe, see axe
Battle-axe culture, 44
Bell Beaker culture, 44
Bell-grave (lamp-shade) culture, 83, 85
belts, leather, 162-4
Berzha, R., 32
Bezzenberger, A., 17
Bilogrudovka, culture, 62, 99
Bilopotok, culture, 62
Black Sea, 68, 97, 177
Blue Waters, 177
Boat-axe culture, East Baltic, 46, 49
bog burial, 79
Bohemia, 58, 74, 145, 149
Bondarikha, culture, 95, 96
Borshevo, hill-forts, 149
Boters, near Gerum, cemetery, 156
bridle, 145, 147, 165
Brushed Pottery culture, 83, 95, 150
Budini, 98, 101
Bug, Western, R., 27, 167
Būga, K., 28-9
Buj II, site, 93
burial rites: animal bones in graves, 53, 68; barrows, 52-3, 65, 72-3, 112, 142; Bronze Age, 52-3, 65-7; cremation, 65, 141-2, 184; coffins, 6I, 65-6, 112, 157; Curonian, 157; Early Iron Age, 72-3; funeral meals, 186; funeral races, 185; funeral wedding, 189; “Golden Age”, 112; horse sacrifice, graves, 66, 164, 187; Middle Iron Age, 142; obligatory death, double-graves, suttee, 42, 137, 188; preservation by freezing, 186; royal graves, 66, 138-9, 184
Byelo-Russia, 13, 27, 28, 43, 48, 95, 100, 102, 150, 152, 177

C

caps, woolen, 126-7, 145, 163
Carnuntum, 119, 121
castle (acropolis), 41, feudal, 157, 165, 168 ff.
Caucasus, Caucasian elements, 68-9, 70
Celts, Celtic, 19, 54, 68, 108, 117, 166
Chernjakovo culture, 109-11
Chernoleska culture, 99, 108
Christianity, introduction of, 179
Cimmerians, 20, 54, 68, 69, 97
climate, 13
coffins, tree trunk, 61, 65-6, 112, 157
coins: Anglo-Saxon, 156, 167; Arab, 156, 167; Byzantine, 156, 167; Danish, 156, 167; German, 156, 167; Roman, 116, 123-4, 128; Roman-Byzantine, 144; Swedish, 167
Comb-marked and Pitted-ware, people, 44
copper: sources of, W. Carpathian, 54, E. Alpine, 54, S. Ural, 55, 93; industry, central Europe, 54
Corded Pottery, proto-Baltic, culture, 50
Corded Ware culture, 44
corn spirit, 192, 193
costumes, garments, 161-3
Courish Lagoon, 50, 143-4
cremation, 65, 68, 142, 184
Crusades, 172-3
Curonia (Kurland), 24, 123, 153-4, 157-8, 160, 168-9, 184
Curonians (Chori, Cori), tribe, 21, 24, 83, 112, 124, 126, 141-3, 146-8, 152-3, 155-9, 167, 171, 173, 183-4.
currency, 166
Czechoslovakia, 68, 80

D

daina, the song, 15
Danzig, see Gdansk
Daugava (Düna, Dvina), R., 13, 100, 112, 116-17, 150, 152, 158, 167, 169, 170
Daugmale, earthwork, 169
Danes (Vikings), 148, 153, 158
Danube, R., 61, 121
Darius, Persian king, 97
Dekla, Latvian deity of fate, 198
Denmark, 74, 155
Desna, R., 33, 95-6, 100, 136, 148-9, 151
Dievas, sky god, 189, 190, 198-9, 200
Dignāja, hill-fort, 169
Djakovo, hill-forts, 150
Dĺugosz, 184
Dnieper, R., basin, 32, 95, 99, 100, 101-2, 107, 122, 136, 149, 177
Dniester, R., 86, 99
Don, R., 95, 149
Dorotowo (Darethen), site, 123
Dröbnitz, bog, 79, 80
Drusken (Druskiai), site, 73
Dusburg, P., 22, 179, 183

E

Earth, deity, veneration, 191-2
earthworks, 168
East Prussia; 13, 17-19, 48, 51-2, 54, 64-5, 70, 71, 73, 76, 79, 80, 85
Egil’s-saga, 157
Einhard, 22
Elbe-Saale region, 74
elektron (amber), 55
Elbing (Truso), town, trading centre, 143, 153
enamel, enameled ornaments, 135-7
engravings, 77
Estonia, Estonians, 21, 48, 57, 149, 158, 167, 173, 177, 188
Europoid skulls, 46
Eylau (Bagratinovsk), town, 89

F

Face-urn culture, 83, 85
Face-urns, 75 ff.
Fat’janovo, culture, 34, 45-6, 49, 62, 91-3
Fennoscandia, 55
feudal system, 139, 171
Finland, 48, 132
Finno-Ugrian, lands, tribes, 20, 21, 27-9, 36, 54, 97, 109, 111, 122, 148, 150, 154
fire, in religion, 203
Fischhausen (Primorsk), town, 52, 64, 67
fishing, 105, 106
flint mines, 49
folklore, 15; folk art, 181
Frisches Haff, 25, 50, 51, 143-4, 173
Frische Nehrung, 56
funeral rites, see burial rites
Funnel-Beaker, culture, 40, 44, 49
furs, trade in, 168

G

Gabrieliškiai near Girkalnis, site, 116
Galinda, Galindians, Prussian province and tribe, 22-3, 27, 83, 88, 122, 136, 144
Galindians (Goljad’), eastern Baltic tribe, 28, 151
Gediminas, Lithuanian grand duke, 177, 178
Gelehrte Estnische Gesellschaft, Tartu, 16
Gdańsk (Danzig), 77
Germany, 48, 62, 64, 69, 85, 167, 178
Germanic: expansion, 87; Jastorf culture, 86; Northern Area culture, 19, 20, 117; ornaments, 64-5, 71, 125; people, tribes, 25, 86, 122
Ghillebert de Lanoy, 184
girdles (juostos), 163
glaesum, glesum (amber), 119
glass industry, 128, 165
Globular Amphora culture, 44
Gniezno, cathedral, 26
gold, 55, 57, 125, 137-8, 165
Gorodok, sanctuary, 182
Goths, 19, 87-8, 111, 118, 122, 141, 145, 148
Gothic: cemeteries, 109-11; fibulae, 145; kingdom, 144, 148; language, 40-2
Gotland, 152-3, 155-6, 167
Grabowo urn, 78-9
graves, see burial rites
Greek language, 40-3
Grewingk, C., 118
Grobin (Grobiņa), Swedish colony in Curonia, 152-4, 158
groves and forests, holy, 193
Grünwalde (Zielenica), barrow, 87, 89

H

Haesti, see Aesti
Haffküstenkultur, 49
Halich-Vladimir, Rus’ of, 171
Hallstatt culture, 19, 69, 75, 95
hammer, in religion, 202
Harald hildetand, Swedish king, 153
harness, horse, 164
harrows, 114
head cloth, 126-7, 161
Helladic culture, 56
helmet, 164, 167
Henry of Latvia, 188
Herodotus, 22, 97-9, 101-2
Hervarar saga, 15 3
Hill-forts, hill-top villages, 16, 102-3, 113, 148, 150
hills, sacred, 193
Hittite deity, S9
hoes: iron, 114; snake-headed of stone, 59, 60, 64
holy rivers and lakes, 196
horse, 41, 49, 78, 92, 105, 117, 164, 187
house: Chalcolithic, 51; Early Iron Age, 80, 81, 104; Indo-European words, for, 42; Late Iron Age, 157; house-urns, 74
Hugleifs near Silte, Gotland, 155-6
human sacrifice, 52, 193
Hungary, 68-9
Huns, 109-111, 122, 148
Hylae(a), place, 98-9
Hypatius, chronicle, 151

I

Ibrāhīm-ibn-Jakūb, 24
Icelandic sagas, 153
Illyrian, Illyrians, 43, 54
Impiltis, earthwork, 143, 168-9
Indo-European: common words, 40-2; expansion to Europe, 38-9; groups, 19, 21, 43; languages, 37
iron smelting, 106, 117
Ivar vidfamne, Swedish king, 153
Iwno, pottery type, 60

J

Jastorf culture, 86-7
Jerome of Prague, 202
Jersika, earthwork and town, 169, 170
Jordanes, 22
Jotvingai, Jatwiagi, see Sudovians
Jukhnovo culture, 95-6
Julianus, knight in Nero’s reign, 120, 122
Juodkiantė, site, 57
juostos, see girdles
Jutland, 56-7
jūšė (iūs, juxá, yuh), meal of meat, 41

K

Kaluga, town, 100, 150, 152
Kalvis, Kalvelis, Kalvaitis, Lithuanian heavenly smith, 199, 202
kanklės, the zither, 35
Kapsēda, town, 124
Kaukai, subterranean manikins, 194
Kauguru Pekas Kalns, earthwork, 169
Kaunas, town, 57, 129, 135. 167
Kaup (Viskiautai), barrow, 52-3
Kazan, town, 93
kerchief, 161-3
Kęstutis, Lithuanian duke, 116, 184
key, of iron, 158
Kiev, area, town, 107, 136, 149, 167
Kirghizian steppes, 122
Klaipėda (Memel), town, 59, 122, 152, 156, 167
Komarov culture, 62, 99
Kretinga, town, 73, 127-8, 156-7, 161, 168
Krikštonys, cemetery, 139
Krivė, priest, 183
Krivichi, eastern Slavic tribe, 109-11, 150-2
Kurgan (Corded, Battle axe) culture, 38-44; acropolises, 41; burial rites, 42; houses, 42; metallurgy, 41; proto-Baltic branch, 48; vehicles, 411; villages, 42
Kurland, see Curonia
Kurmaičiai, cemeteries, 72-3, 127-8
Kuršių Nerija (Kurische Nehrung), 56, 57

L

Labotakiai, cemetery, 130
Laima, goddess of fate, 194, 197-8
Laiviai, cemetery, 157
lamentation songs (raudos), 186
Langobardic fibulae, 144
language relationships, 40-3
La Tène culture, 86, 90, 95, 108, 125, 131
Latgala, see Lettigallia
Latin 40-2
Latvia, 13, 18, 48, 54, 57, 65, 95, 100, 123-4, 132-3, 141, 149, 151-2, 156, 158-9, 165, 172, 177, 179, 181
Laumės, fairies, 197
Laurentius, chronicle, 151
Lausitz culture, see Lusatian
leather working, 165
Lettigallia, Lettigallians (Latgallians, Letts), 24, 83, 112, 142, 147, 150, 162, 167, 169-73
Lettish language, 21, 40-2
Lithuania, 13, 18, 48, 54, 57, 71-3, 100, 114, 116, 123, 126, 128, 130-3, 135, 156, 159, 161, 164, 169, 171-2, 188
Lithuanian empire, 174-5, 177
Lithuanian language, 37, 40-2
Lithuanian state, 19, 155, 372, 177
Lithuanians, people, tribe, 21, 24, 83, 112, 117, 126, 141-3, 147, 171-2, 184
Littausdorf hoard, 64
loan words, Baltic in Finno-Ugrian, 33-6, 91
Lusatian culture, 27, 62, 64, 69, 71, 80

M

Mājas kungs, Lettish deity of homestead, 192
Mälar Valley, 153
Mare’s milk, 25
Margiris, Lithuanian duke, 188
Mari, Merja, Volga Finnic tribe, 34, 83
Maskatuži, cemetery, 116
Masuria, province, 13, 77, 79, 116
Masurian lakes, 136
mead, 25
Melanchlaeni, 98, 101-2
Mėnuo, Meness, moon god, 190, 199, 201
metallurgy, 41, 54-5, 94, 117, 165
Mežotne, earthwork, 169
Milky Way, 190
Milograd group, 83, 95, 107
Mindaugas, Lithuanian king, 172, 176
Minsk, town, 102,123
Montelius, O., 18
Moravia, 58, 121, 145, 149
Mordvins, Mordva, Volga-Finnic tribe, 34, 83, 99
Moscow, 97, 100, 150, 152, 177
Moshchiny hoard, 136
Mycenae, Mycenaean Greece, 55, 56, 59, 65

N

Nadruva, Nadruvians, Prussian province and people, 23, 173, 183
Nara, R., 32, 102
Narew (Naruve), R., 27, 32
Nemenčinė, earthwork, 169
Nemunas (Niemen, Memel), R., 13, 27-8, 38, 83, 102, 122, 139, 143, 150, 158, 167, 169, 176, 188, 193
Nerman, Birger, 152
Neroma, east Baltic province, 100
Neuri, 22, 83, 97-101
Nikolo-Lenivets, village, 103-4, 106
Nikol’skaja, T. N., 103
Noricum, 121, 124
Norsemen, 152, 154
Northern Area culture, 19
Norwegian sagas, 153
Notanga, Notangia, Notangians, Prussian province and people, 22-3, 88, 116, 173
Novgorod, town, 149, 152, 167
Nydam, Jutland, 139

O

oak, sacred, 194
Oder, R., 48, 55, 61, 71-2, 121
Odyssey, 55
offerings: human, 52, 193; goat, sheep, 53, 193; oxen, horse, 68, 193; pig, 193, 197; cock, hen, 193
Oka, R., 32, 91, 93, 97, 102, 136-7, 148-9, 177
Oksywia culture, 87
Öland, 156
Oliver Scholasticus, Bishop of Paderborn, 192
Olov, Swedish king, 153
Olsztyn (Allenstein), town, 27, 123
Order of the Sword, 186
ornaments, art, 125-37, 159-63; bracelets, 71, 135, 1137, 160-1; chains, 129, 130, 145; diadems, 128, 145; fibulae, 128-9, 131, 134-5, 145-7, 156, 159; neck-rings, 70, 128-9, 131-2, 145, 159; pendant, 69, 70, 129, 130, 133; pins, 64, 70, 71, 106, 129, 130-1, 156, 159; teeth, 164; temple, 73, 126-7
Ostróda (Osterode), town, 123
Ostrogoths, 144
Ostrówka, town, 27

P

Pagudė, Pogesania, Prussian province and people, 22-3, 173
Painted Pottery culture, 40
Pamedė, Pomesania, Prussian province and people, 22-3, 173
Pannonia, 121, 124
Perkūnas, Perkonis, Perkons, Baltic god of the air, 194, 198, 199, 202
Persante (Parseta), R., 86
Persians, 102
Petersen, E., 85
physical type, 46-7
Pilėnai, castle, 188
pincers, 164
Pitted Ware culture, 92
Plain Pottery culture or group, 83, 95, 97, 108
Plavniekkalns, cemetery, 146
Pleškučiai, cemetery, 133
Pliny, 88, 118-21
plough-shares, 114, 115, 166
Poland, 53, 54, 60, 86, 174, 177
Poljane, eastern Slavic tribe, 149, 151
Polotsk, 117, 150, 152
Pomerania, eastern, 19, 27, 56, 62, 65, 71-7, 84-7
Pomponius Mela, 118
Pot-covered Urn (Bell-grave) culture, 84, 108
Potter’s wheel, 166
“Povest Vremennykh Let”, 28
Poznan, town, 76
Pregel, Prėglius, R., 32, 116
preservation by freezing, 186
Preussisch-Görlitz, town, 123
Priekulė, town, 131, 133
priests, 183
Protva, R., 27, 151
Prussia Museum, 17, 130
Prussia, Prussians, western Balts, 22, 24, 26, 88-9, 141, 160, 173, 179
Prussian language, 21, 26, 40-2, 176
Pryšmantai, cemetery, 161
Pskov, town, 149, 150, 167
Ptolemy, 28, 88
Puškaitis, Lithuanian earth god, 194
Pytheas, 118

R

Radimichi, eastern Slavic tribe, 152
Rambynas, sacred hill, 193
Rantau, cemetery, 66-7
Raunas Tanīsa Kalns, earthwork, 169
Ravenna, 144
Rezne, barrow, 66, 68
Rhineland, 124, 167
Riga, Bay of, 62, 173
Riga, city, 66, 169, 172
Rimbert, Bishop, 143, 153
river names, Baltic, 28 ff.
Roman: coins, 116, 123-4, 128, 144; empire, 109-11; fibulae, 124; glass, 124, 127-8; oil lamp, 124; terra sigillata, 124
Romainiai, Romene, sacred town, 194
Romny, hill-forts, 149
Romuva, sacred place, 183, 194
roofed poles, 195
Rucava, town, 148
Rumania, 68
Russia: Greater, 43, 45, 49, 105, 136; north-western, 113
Russian Archaeological Congresses, 17, 18
Russian chronicle, 151
Rzucewo: culture, 49; village, 51, 52

S

sacred towns, Lithuania, 180
saddle, 165
Saeborg, Curonian town, 143, 154
Sakstagals, cemetery, 160
Samland, Semba, Prussian province and people, 23, 25, 52-3, 55-6, 62, 64, 66-7, 69, 71, 73, 77, 80, 83, 88-90, 112, 116, 119, 121-3, 129, 158, 167, 173, 176
sanctuaries, 180-2
Sanskrit, 37, 40-2
Saulė, deity of the sun, 198, 200, 201, 203
Sauslaukas, Swedish colony, 153
scales, 158, 166, 167
Scandinavia, Scandinavian, 20, 77, 139, 146, 154, 158
Schlakalken, cemetery, 71
Schleicher, A., 37
Schleswig-Holstein, 74
scythe, 115-16, 166
Scythia, 88, 99-102
Scythian, Scythians, 18-20, 54, 68-9, 80, 82-3, 93-4, 97-102, 164
seal hunting, 49
Selian, Selians, Selonians, east Baltic tribe, 21, 83, 173
Semigallia, Semigallians, east Baltic province and tribe, 21, 24, 83, 112, 142, 159, 162, 167, 169, 171-3
Serebrennikov, B. A., 34
šernai, Hittite figurine in Lithuania, 59
shield, 78, 112, 147-8, 164
Siberian steppes, 3 8
sickle, 104, 107, 114-15, 166
Silesia, 58, 61, 69, 85-6, 121
silver, 125, 131-2, 1134, 137-8, 145, 147, 158, 161-3, 165-7, 171
Slavic, expansion, language, lands, 20, 40, 54, 87, 97,107, 141, 145, 148-52, 154
Smolensk, town, 32, 102, 117, 150, 152, 167, 180-2
Snore Sturleson, 155
songs: Baltic, 15; solar, 201
spear, spearhead, 62, 78, 112, 147, 157, 164
springs, holy, 193
spurs, 164
Starogard urn, 78
Starzykowe Male, fortified village, 81-2
State Historic Museum, Riga, 17-18
steel, 117
stirrups, 147, 165
stock-breeding, domestic animals, 40, 41, 60, 117, 166
stone cult, 196
stones, footprints on, 195
Strabo, 88, 118
Stragna, cemetery, 131
Strobjenen, bracelet, 144
Studenok culture, 96
Succase (Suchacz), village, 51-2
Sudovian, Sūduva, Prussian people and province, 19, 22-3, 83, 112, 126, 139, 141, 147, 159
Suevian ocean, 119
Susz (Rosenberg), town, 82
Svein Estrithson, Danish king, 158
Svinukhovo, hill-fort, 104-6
Swayxtix, Suaixtis, Prussian god of stars, 202
Sweden, Swedish, 74, 143, 148, 152-3, 154, 158, 167
sword, 138-9, 147, 164, 167

T

Tacitus, 211, 25, 55, 88, 113-14, 122, 144
Talivaldis, duke of Lettigallia, 171
Tervete, province of Semigallia, 169, 171
Teutonic Order, Knights, 141, 155, 172-3, 177, 179, 183, 193
theocracy, 184
Theodoric, Gothic king, 144
Thomsen, V., 33
Thorolf, Viking, 157
Tilžė, 32, 71, 122, 193
Timaeus, 118
Timber grave culture, 62, 94, 97
Tira, bog, 148
Tiryns, 59
Tokharians, 38, 41-3
Tolzha, R., 32
Tomashek, 99
toponymy, Baltic, 28 ff.
Toporov, V. N., 29
townships, 168 ff.
trade, Baltic: amber, see amber; furs, 168; Phoenician, 65; with central Europe, 56-8, 62, 64, 69; with Goths, 144; with Finno-Ugrians, 109-11, 148; with free Germany, 122, 124-5; with Mycenaean Greece, 56-7, 59; with Roman empire, 118, 121, 123-4; with Russians, 167; with Sweden, 167; with western Europe, 167-8
Transylvania, 61
tree, in religion, 191, 194, 195
Tret’jakov, P. N., 180
Trubachev, O. N., 29
Trulick, cemetery, 70
Truso, trading town, 143, 153, 158, 167
Trzciniec culture, 61
Tsna (Cna), R., 32
Turaida, cemetery, 162
Turko-Tartar peoples, 148
Tushemlja, sanctuary, 180-2
Tyszkiewicz, E., 17

U

Udmurtian, Finno-Ugric language, 34-5
Ugra, R., 32, 102, 136
Ukraine, 48, 86, 177
Únětice culture, 56, 58, 60, 92
Únětice-Tumulus-Urnfield culture, 19, 62
Upa, R., 102
Uppland, 156
Upinis, Lithuanian river spirit, 197
Upytė, cemetery, 137
Uralic race, 46
Urals, Mts, 93, 136
Ushas, Vedic morning star, 199

V

Vakarinė, Lithuanian evening star, 199
Varmė, Varmians, Prussian province and people, 22-3, 173
Vasmer, M., 29
vegetation, 14
vehicle, 41, 78
vėlės, in folklore, 189, 190
Velikaja, R., 113, 148-50
Velikie Luki, town, 117
Veliuona, town, earthwork, 57, 169
Veneti, 119, 121
Veršvai, cemetery, 131, 137
Viestarts, duke of Semigallia, 171
Vikings, 24, 141, 143, 154, 156-8, 160
Vilkumuiža, cemetery, 165
village: Chalcolithic, 51; Early Iron Age, 80, 81, 102-3, 107; Golden Age, 113; Middle Iron Age, 142; Slavic, 149
Vilnius, city, 135, 167, 169, 184
Visby, trading centre, 167
Vistula, R., 27, 38, 48, 51, 55, 57, 61, 69, 75, 78, 80, 82, 87, 112, 121, 122, 132, 144, 158, 172-3
Vitebsk, town, 102, 117, 152
Vjatichi, eastern Slavic tribe, 149, 151
Volga, R., 33, 38, 91-2, 177
Volga-Finnic, tribes, languages, 27, 33-6, 137
Volosovo culture, 92
Volynia, 48-9, 61, 107, 149, 171
Voronezh, town, 149
Votyaks, Volga-Finnic tribe, 101
Vysocko culture, 62, 108
Vytautas, grand duke of Lithuania, 177

W

wagon, 78
Warta, R., 58, 121
water, holy, spirits, 196, 197
weapons, armament: bridle, 69, 145, 147-148, 165; bow and arrow, 49, 154, 164; halberd, 57; helmet, 164, 167; knife, warrior’s, 161-2, 164; shield, 78, 117, 147-8, 164; spear, spearhead, 62, 64, 78, 112, 147-8, 157, 164; spur, 117, 147-8; stirrup, 147, 165; sword, 138-9, 147, 167
weights, 166
Wheeler, R. E. M., 122
Wiekau, cemetery, 112
Wigand von Marburg, 188
Wiskiauten (Viskiautai), trading centre, 143, 158
Workeim, barrow, 66
writing, 26
Wulfstan, 25, 142-3, 172, 185

X

Xenophon of Lampracus, 119

Y

Ynglingasaga, 155

Z

Žaltys, green snake, in Lithuanian folklore, 203
Zarubincy, Zarubinec culture, 107-11
Zhizdra, R., 32, 102, 150
žirgas, zirgs, riding horse, 164, 199
Zĺota, culture, 49, 53